» Next

« Previous

DRAFT

Edition December 2019

Vietnamese       Chinese
What Makes Chinese so Vietnamese?

Introduction to Sinitic-Vietnamese Studies

(Ýthức mới về nguồngốc tiếngViệt)

DRAFT

dchph

ABBREVIATIONS AND GLOSSARY

  1. Introduction
    1. What makes Chinese so Vietnamese?
    2. Background
    3. Symbols and conventions
  2. Rainwash from the Austroasiatic sky
    1. New battles in the Sino-Tibetan front
    2. New approaches in the Vietnamese etymology
    3. The end of Austroasiatic approach
    4. New battles in the internet era
  3. Sinitic-Vietnamese Studies
    1. The Zen of Sinitic-Vietnamese
    2. On the one-size-fits-all conspiracy
    3. A revised course in the adaption of the reconstructed ancient sound values
  4. Vietnamese and Chinese commonalities
    1. Modern dialectal similarities
    2. The role of Mandarin
  5. The politics of Chinese-Vietnamese linguistic studies
  6. The Chinese Connection
    1. The Chinese Intruders
    2. Is it Chinese or Vietnamese?
    3. Prelude on the Sinitic etyma
  7. Hypothesis of common Yue origin of Vietnamese and Chinese
    1. Historical background
    2. Core matter of Vietnamese etymology
    3. Chinese and the Vietnamese basic vocabulary stock
    4. A new dissyllabic sound change approach to be explored
  8. The Mon-Khmer Association
    1. The underlined stratum of basic vocabularies
    2. Haudricourt’s theory of tonal development
    3. Correspondences in basic vocabularies revisited
  9. Similarity in cross-linguistic-family vocabularies proves no genetic relation
    1. Basic word lists at crossroads
    2. The languages of China before the Chinese
    3. Comparative Mon-Khmer and Vietnamese basic words
  10. Parallels with the Sino-Tibetan languages
    1. Sino-Tibetan etymologies
    2. Issues in cognates of cardinal numbers
    3. The unfinished work
  11. Vietnamese and Chinese cognates in basic vocabulary stratum
    1. Chinese basic words
    2. Sino-Vietnamese words
    3. Sinitic-Vietnamese words
  12. How sound changes have come about
    1. In search of sound change patterns
    2. An analogy of Vietnamese etymology
      1. A corollary approach
      2. Words of unknown origin
      3. Questionable words of Chinese origin
  13. Case study worksheet
    1. A synopsis of phonological sound changes from Chinese to Vietnamese
    2. Localization and innovation or "Vietnamized"
  14. Conclusion

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES

WEBSITES

APPENDICES

ABBREVIATION AND GLOSSARY :

  • AA = Austroasiatic linguistic family (Ngữhệ NamÁ)
  • AC = Ancient Chinese (TiếngHán Thượngcổ 上古漢語)
  • Amoy = Fukienese or Fùjiànhuà (TiếngPhúckiến hay Hạmôn 厦門方言)
  • Ancient-Vietnamese = Annamese (see AV)
  • Annamese = Ancient-Vietnamese (see AV)
  • ArC = Archaic Chinese (TiếngHán Tháithượngcổ 太古漢語)
  • associative sandhi process = changes of sound of words as the results of the assimilation of the sound or form of similar word in the same context.
  • Austroasiatic = Austroasiatic linguistic family (Ngữhệ NamÁ)
  • AV= Ancient-Vietnamese, also, ancient Việt-Mường (TiếngViệtcổ, TiếngViệt-Mườngcổ)
  • B, Beijing = Běijing dialect (thổngữ Bắckinh 北京方言)
  • bound morphemes = the smallest meaningful phonological units that are bound together and usually appear in pairs to form composite words
  • C = Chinese in general (TiếngHán 漢語) (See also: tiếngTàu)
  • Cant. = Cantonese (TiếngQuảngđông 廣東方言)
  • cf., ss, or " §" = compare (sosánh)
  • character = mostly referring to a Chinese ideogram; also, a Roman letter or an ideographic symbol (chữ, tự, mẫutự 字母, 漢字)
  • Chin., C., Chinese = Chinese in general (TiếngHán 漢語) (See also: tiếngTàu)
  • Chin. dialects, Chinese dialects = 7 major Chinese dialects, including sub-dialects (phươngngữHán, TiếngTàu 漢語方言)
  • Chaozhou (Chiewchow) = a sub-dialect of Fukienese, also known as Tchiewchow (tiếngTriều, tiếngTiều 朝州方言), possibly 'TiếngTàu'
  • China North = 華北 Huáběi (Hoabắc), regions in the upper north of the Yangtze River in today's northern part of mainland China
  • China South = 華南 Huánán (Hoanam), regions below the south of the Yangtze River in today's southern part of mainland China
  • composite word = two-syllable word that is composed of two bound morphemes of which either one of them cannot function fully as a word (từkép, từ songâmtiết)
  • compound word = two-syllable word that is composed of two words (từghép, từ songâmtiết)
  • doublet = A Chinese character of the same root that appears in different form (từđồngnguyên 同源辭)
  • diachronic = concerning historical development of language of something through time
  • Dai = T’ai, Tai, Tày, and sometimes Thai, languages (TiếngTày 傣語)
  • ex. = example (= td. 'thídụ')
  • dissyllabicity = dissyllabics, dissyllabism
  • dissyllabics = Charateristics of a language based on its dominant two-syllable words in its vocabulary (tínhsongâmtiết 雙音節性)
  • dissyllabism = dissyllabics, dissyllabicity
  • EM = Early Mandarin
  • EMC = Early Middle Chinese (TiếngHán Tiềntrungcổ 前中古漢語)
  • Fk = Fuzhou, Fukienese (Fùjiàn) or Amoy (TiếngPhúckiến hay phươngngữ Hạmôn 厦門方言)
  • FQ (or Pt) = 'fănqiè' 反切 phiênthiết (initial and syllabic conjugation, a Chinese lexical spelling system in classics)
  • Hai. = Hainanese, a sub-dialect of Fukienese or Amoy (TiếngHảinam 海南方言)
  • HN = Nôm words, same VS, or Vietnamese words, of Chinese origin (HánNôm 漢喃辭匯)
  • ideograph/ideogram = a written symbol of language writing system developed from graphic representation (chữtượnghình 形像字母)
  • "iro" (or #) = in reverse order, metathesis (nghịchđảo thứtự từ)
  • IPA = the International Phonetic Symbol (Phiênâm Quốctế)
  • K, Kh. = Khmer or Cambodian (TiếngKhmer/TiếngCaomiên)
  • Kinh / NgườiKinh = literally "the metropolitans", or "the Kinh", meaning the Vietnamese majority ethnic group living in the coastal lowlands as opposed to "NgườiThượng" ("the Montagnards") which denotes minority ethnic groups living in remote highlands in Vietnam (京族)
  • Latinized / Latinization: same as Romanized / Romanization (Latinhhoá 羅丁拼音)
  • loangraph = A loangraph in Chinese is a homophone connveying a different meaning but using the same ideographic character (giảtá, 假借)
  • LZ = Late Zhou, L. Zhou (Cuối ÐờiChâu 周末)
  • M = Mandarin, QT (TiếngPhổthông, tiếngQuanthoại 普通話, 國語)
  • Malay = Malay linguistic affinity (Ngữchi Mãlai 馬來語支); National language of Malaysia (TiếngMãlai 馬來語)
  • Mao-Nan = Mao-Nan language, a Mon-Khmer language spoken by Mao-Nam ethnic group in Southern China (TiếngMaonam 毛南語) MC = Middle Chinese (TiếngHán Trungcổ 中古漢語)
  • MK = Mon-Khmer linguistic affinity (Ngữchi Mon-Khmer 猛高棉語支)
  • monosyllabicity = monosyllabics
  • monosyllabics = charateristics of a language based on its dominant one-syllable words in its vocabulary (tínhđơnâmtiết 單音節性)
  • Mèo = Hmong 苗
  • Môn = Mon
  • monosyllabism = monosyllabics
  • N = Original Vietnamese, also old Chinese-based Vietnamese wrting system
  • (từ Nôm, tiếngNôm hoặc từ thuần Việt 純喃辭匯, ChữNôm "字喃")
  • Nôm= Nôm characters of an old Chinese-character based Vietnamese writing system, or in expanding meaning Nôm words, HN (HánNôm), Vietnamese words, of Chinese origin (HánNôm 漢喃辭匯)
  • Nùng = Zhuang language, same as Ðồng, Tráng (TiếngNùng 莊語, 垌語)
  • OC = Old Chinese (TiếngHán Cổ 古漢語)
  • OV = Old Vietnamese form (TiếngViệt cổ / TiếngViệtMường cổ)
  • Pt = FQ 'fănqiè' 反切 phiênthiết (initial and syllabic conjugation, a Chinese lexical spelling)
  • Pinyin = People's Republic of China's official Romanization transcription system of Pǔtōnghuà (pinyin haylà bínhâm 拼音 -- phiênâm )
  • polysyllabicity = polysyllabics
  • polysyllabics = charateristics of a language based on its dominant multi-syllable words in its vocabulary (tínhđaâmtiết 多音節性)
  • polysyllabism = polysyllabics
  • pre-SV = pre-Sino-Vietnamese (TiềnHánViệt 前漢越辭匯)
  • pro-C = proto-Chinese (TiếngHán Tiềnsử 前史漢語)
  • Putonghua, or Pǔtōnghuà = Official name of Mandarin (Tiếngphổthông haylà Quanthoại 普通話/國語)
  • PV = proto-Vietnamese, proto-Vietic (TiếngViệt Tiềnsử)
  • radical = basic Chinese ideographic root on which other characters are built (tựcăn 字根)
  • Quốcngữ = Vietnamese national orthography
  • Romanized / Romanization: same as Latinized / Latinization (Latinhhoá 羅丁拼音)
  • synonymous compound = compund word that is composed of two synonymous syllables or words (từghép đẳnglập, từkép đẳnglập, từsongâmtiết đẳnglập)
  • sandhi = change of sound of word under the influence of a preceding or following sound
  • sandhi process of assimilation / association = same as the associative sandhi process
  • synchronic = studying language as it exists at a certain point in time, without considering its historical development
  • Sinicized, Sinitized, or Siniticized = influenced, characterized, and/or identified by Chinese elements (Hánhoá 漢化)
  • ss, or " §" = cf., compare (sosánh)
  • ST = Sino-Tibetan (HánTạng 漢藏語系)
  • SV = Sino-Vietnamese (HánViệt 漢越辭匯)
  • Tai, T'ai, Tày, Thái (see Dai)
  • Tchiewchow = a sub-dialect of Fukienese, also known as Chaozhou (tiếngTriều, tiếngTiều 朝州方言)
  • Thượng / NgườiThượng = See: Kinh/NgườiKinh
  • TiếngTàu = a coloquial term to connote the Chinese languages, of which the term "Tàu" could have originated from Tần 'Qín 秦' or tiếngTiều 朝州方言 (từ "Tàu" cóthể do "Tần" hoặc tiếngTiều 朝州方言 màra.)
  • V, Viet. = Vietnamese (TiếngViệt 越南話)
  • Vh, Việthoá = "Vietnamized"
  • VHh, ViệtHánhoá = "Sino-Vietnamized"
  • "Vietnamized" = Characterized by the localization of loanwords to fit into Vietnamese speech habit (Việthoá 越化)
  • VM = VietMuong or Việt-Mường form (TiếngViệtMường 越孟語)
  • VS = Sinitic-Vietnamese (HánNôm 漢喃辭匯)
  • Zhuang = the Zhuang language, same as Nùng, Ðồng, Tráng (TiếngNùng 莊語, 垌語)

x X x


Back to VNY2K Homepage

flag counter for pages with this banner only -- reset 06262011

Copyright © 2002-20

» Next